In the context of variables, what is the controlling factor called on which the value of the other variable depends?

The controlling factor on which the value of another variable depends is referred to as the independent variable. In an experiment or a mathematical model, the independent variable is manipulated or changed to observe how it affects the dependent variable. This relationship is foundational in scientific studies because it helps establish cause-and-effect scenarios. For example, if you're studying the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction, temperature would be the independent variable, as you can change it while observing the resulting changes in the reaction rate (the dependent variable).

Understanding the classification of these variables is critical for conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing valid conclusions. This distinction helps researchers and students comprehend how variations in one factor can influence outcomes in another, establishing a systematic way to explore and understand relationships between different elements.