What does syntax refer to in programming?

In programming, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of programming statements. These rules dictate how code must be written in order for the computer to correctly interpret and execute the intended commands. Just as grammar is essential for understanding human languages, syntax is crucial in programming languages to ensure that the statements are properly formed and understandable by the compiler or interpreter.

For example, in many programming languages, specific keywords must be used in a certain order, and punctuation such as semicolons or braces must be included in the correct places. Failing to adhere to these rules results in syntax errors, which prevent the code from running as intended.

Understanding syntax is fundamental for anyone learning to program, as it lays the foundation for writing functional code and troubleshooting issues that arise from improperly structured statements.