What operation involves removing material by using an abrasive wheel or belt?

The operation that involves removing material using an abrasive wheel or belt is grinding. This process typically utilizes a rotating wheel made of abrasive particles that effectively smooth and shape the material, which can be metal, wood, or other surfaces. Grinding is characterized by its ability to achieve high precision and a fine surface finish, making it particularly useful in applications where detailed control over dimensions is required. It is frequently employed to finish parts, sharpen tools, or achieve specific surface qualities.

In contrast, cutting generally refers to the removal of material through shearing forces, while drilling involves creating holes in materials using a rotating tool that cuts into the surface. Milling is another machining process but typically uses a rotating cutter to remove material from a stationary workpiece in various directions, creating complex shapes. Grinding is distinctly focused on the surface treatment and refinement of materials, setting it apart from these other operations.