What type of processes change the size, shape, or surface through material removal?

The correct answer is associated with processes known for changing the size, shape, or surface of a material through the removal of material. These processes, categorized as subtractive processes, involve techniques that eliminate material from a workpiece to achieve the desired geometry and features. Common examples of subtractive processes include machining operations such as milling, turning, and drilling, where tools cut away material to shape the final product.

In contrast, additive processes involve building up material layer by layer, which is not aligned with the definition in the question. Transformative processes refer to changes that can occur in a material's structure or form but do not specifically focus on material removal. Constructive processes, while they can involve the organization of components or materials, also do not pertain to the removal of material. Therefore, subtractive processes are specifically characterized by their method of altering materials by cutting or eroding away sections to achieve a specific design.