Which of the following is an example of Non-Value Added activities?

Non-value added activities are those that do not contribute directly to the creation of a product or service and often lead to inefficiencies or increased costs without enhancing product quality or customer satisfaction. Unnecessary transportation of materials exemplifies this concept because it requires resources, time, and effort without providing any additional value to the product being produced. Instead of enhancing the product, it simply adds to lead times and operational costs, creating waste within a manufacturing process.

In contrast, quality assurance checks play a critical role in ensuring the product meets certain standards and customer expectations, thereby adding value. Direct labor on products directly contributes to the creation of those products, making it inherently valuable. Customer service activities, while sometimes seen as overhead, generally add value to the customer experience and are crucial for maintaining customer relationships and satisfaction.